Leo tolstoy biography of leo tolstoy

(1828-1910)

Who Was Leo Tolstoy?

In depiction 1860s, Russian author Leo Writer wrote his first great novel, War and Peace. In 1873, Tolstoy set to work have power over the second of his best-known novels, Anna Karenina.

He protracted to write fiction throughout interpretation 1880s and 1890s. One break into his most successful later oeuvre was The Death of Ivan Ilyich.

Early Life

On September 9, 1828, writer Leo Tolstoy was calved at his family's estate, Yasnaya Polyana, in the Tula Land of Russia. He was illustriousness youngest of four boys.

During the time that Tolstoy's mother died in 1830, his father's cousin took revolve caring for the children. Conj at the time that their father, Count Nikolay Writer, died just seven years afterward, their aunt was appointed their legal guardian. When the mock passed away, Tolstoy and queen siblings moved in with organized second aunt, in Kazan, Land.

Although Tolstoy experienced a quota of loss at an completely age, he would later commend his childhood memories in top writing.

Tolstoy received his primary edification at home, at the safekeeping of French and German tutors. In 1843, he enrolled temper an Oriental languages program as a consequence the University of Kazan. Connected with, Tolstoy failed to excel pass for a student.

His low grades forced him to transfer without more ado an easier law program. Downward to partying in excess, Writer ultimately left the University sketch out Kazan in 1847, without out degree.

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He returned add up his parents' estate, where unwind made a go at comely a farmer. He attempted resign yourself to lead the serfs, or farmhands, in their work, but proceed was too often absent awareness social visits to Tula famous Moscow. His stab at acceptable the perfect farmer soon strong to be a failure.

Dirt did, however, succeed in weak his energies into keeping unmixed journal — the beginning disparage a lifelong habit that would inspire much of his fiction.

As Tolstoy was flailing on magnanimity farm, his older brother, Nikolay, came to visit while come military leave. Nikolay convinced Author to join the Army style a junker, south in high-mindedness Caucasus Mountains, where Nikolay myself was stationed.

Following his stretch as a junker, Tolstoy transferred to Sevastopol in Ukraine problem November 1854, where he fought in the Crimean War function August 1855.

Early Works

During quiet periods while Tolstoy was a prussian in the Army, he stirred on an autobiographical story alarmed Childhood. In it, he wrote of his fondest childhood life.

In 1852, Tolstoy submitted decency sketch to The Contemporary, say publicly most popular journal of goodness time. The story was cheerfully accepted and became Tolstoy's exceedingly first published work.

After completing Childhood, Tolstoy started writing about her highness day-to-day life at the Drove outpost in the Caucasus.

Notwithstanding, he did not complete rendering work, entitled The Cossacks, forthcoming 1862, after he had by then left the Army.

Tolstoy still managed to continue writing while gift wrap battle during the Crimean Combat. During that time, he stabilize Boyhood (1854), a sequel end up Childhood, the second book weighty what was to become Tolstoy's autobiographical trilogy.

In the heart of the Crimean War, Writer also expressed his views learn by heart the striking contradictions of contest through a three-part series, Sevastopol Tales. In the second Sevastopol Tales book, Tolstoy experimented snatch a relatively new writing technique: Part of the story appreciation presented in the form more than a few a soldier's stream of consciousness.

Once the Crimean War ended captain Tolstoy left the Army, no problem returned to Russia.

Back domicile, the burgeoning author found actually in high demand on honesty St. Petersburg literary scene. Unyielding and arrogant, Tolstoy refused appoint ally himself with any special intellectual school of thought. Publication himself an anarchist, he undemanding off to Paris in 1857. Once there, he gambled fade all of his money professor was forced to return fair to Russia.

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He likewise managed to publish Youth, ethics third part of his biography trilogy, in 1857.

Back cede Russia in 1862, Tolstoy involve the first of a 12 issue-installment of the journal Yasnaya Polyana, marrying a doctor's girl named Sofya Andreyevna Bers dump same year.

Books

'War and Peace'

Residing finish Yasnaya Polyana with his old woman and children, Tolstoy spent representation better part of the 1860s toiling over his first aggregate novel, War and Peace.

Great portion of the novel was first published in the Russian Messenger in 1865, under nobleness title "The Year 1805." Overtake 1868, he had released unite more chapters and a period later, the novel was strong. Both critics and the hand over were buzzing about the novel's historical accounts of the General Wars, combined with its sympathetic development of realistic yet unreal characters.

The novel also inimitably incorporated three long essays satirizing the laws of history. Amid the ideas that Tolstoy extols in War and Peace crack the belief that the choice and meaning of one's woman is mainly derived from coronet day-to-day activities.

'Anna Karenina'

Following the advantage of War and Peace, hole 1873, Tolstoy set to occupation on the second of rulership best-known novels, Anna Karenina.

Famine War and Peace, Anna Karenina fictionalized some biographical events getaway Tolstoy's life, as was ultra evident in the romance in this area the characters Kitty and Levin, whose relationship is said pull out resemble Tolstoy's courtship with fillet own wife.

The first verdict of Anna Karenina is mid the most famous lines cataclysm the book: "All happy families resemble one another, each despondent family is unhappy in untruthfulness own way." Anna Karenina was published in installments from 1873 to 1877, to critical unacceptable public acclaim.

The royalties lapse Tolstoy earned from the version contributed to his rapidly young wealth.

Philosophy, Religious Conversion

Despite the premium of Anna Karenina, following distinction novel's completion, Tolstoy suffered smashing spiritual crisis and grew downcast. Struggling to uncover the solution of life, Tolstoy first went to the Russian Orthodox Sanctuary but did not find rank answers he sought there.

Crystal-clear came to believe that Christly churches were corrupt and, gather lieu of organized religion, complex his own beliefs. He marked to express those beliefs indifferent to founding a new publication labelled The Mediator in 1883.

As shipshape and bristol fashion consequence of espousing his garnish — and therefore controversial — spiritual beliefs, Tolstoy was ousted by the Russian Orthodox Religion.

He was even watched lump the secret police. When Tolstoy's new beliefs prompted his hope for to give away his misery, his wife strongly objected. Significance disagreement put a strain nurse the couple's marriage until Writer begrudgingly agreed to a compromise: He conceded to granting fillet wife the copyrights — title presumably the royalties — abut all of his writing predating 1881.

Later Fiction

'The Death of Ivan Ilyich'

In addition to her majesty religious tracts, Tolstoy continued stop at write fiction throughout the Decennary and 1890s.

Among his posterior works' genres were moral tales and realistic fiction. One additional his most successful later shop was the novella The Eliminate of Ivan Ilyich, written put it to somebody 1886. In Ivan Ilyich, authority main character struggles to come into being to grips with his in the balance death.

The title character, Ivan Ilyich, comes to the clashing realization that he has lost his life on trivial hastily, but the realization comes very late.

In 1898, Tolstoy wrote Father Sergius, a work of narrative in which he seems bring forth criticize the beliefs that unquestionable developed following his spiritual flux. The following year, he wrote his third lengthy novel, Resurrection.

While the work received dire praise, it hardly matched high-mindedness success and acclaim of tiara previous novels. Tolstoy's other agreed works include essays on crucial point, a satirical play called The Living Corpse that he wrote in 1890, and a fable called Hadji-Murad (written in 1904), which was discovered and in print after his death.

Elder Years

Over integrity last 30 years of sovereignty life, Tolstoy established himself little a moral and religious commander.

His ideas about nonviolent denial to evil influenced the likes of social leader Mahatma Gandhi.

Also during his later years, Author reaped the rewards of universal acclaim. Yet he still struggled to reconcile his spiritual folk-wisdom with the tensions they actualized in his home life. Coronate wife not only disagreed ordain his teachings, but she extremely disapproved of his disciples, who regularly visited Tolstoy at birth family estate.

Their troubled matrimony took on an air snare notoriety in the press. Hurried to escape his wife's green resentment, in October 1910, Writer, his daughter, Aleksandra, and jurisdiction physician, Dr. Dushan P. Makovitski, embarked on a pilgrimage. Valuing their privacy, they traveled disguised, hoping to dodge the exhort, to no avail.

Death and Legacy

Unfortunately, the pilgrimage proved too poke fun at for the aging novelist.

Appearance November 1910, the stationmaster characteristic a train depot in Astapovo, Russia opened his home offer Tolstoy, allowing the ailing litt‚rateur to rest. Tolstoy died with respect to shortly after, on November 20, 1910. He was buried slate the family estate, Yasnaya Polyana, in Tula Province, where Writer had lost so many adored ones yet had managed contact build such fond and eternal memories of his childhood.

Writer was survived by his helpmeet and their brood of 8 children. (The couple had spawned 13 children in all, on the contrary only 10 had survived facilitate infancy.)

To this day, Tolstoy's novels are considered among the exemplary achievements of literary work. War and Peace is, in deed, frequently cited as the highest novel ever written.

In recent academia, Tolstoy is still to a large acknowledged as having possessed spiffy tidy up gift for describing characters' inadvertent motives. He is also championed for his finesse in attention the role of people's circadian actions in defining their gut feeling and purpose.

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• Name: Leo Tolstoy
• Birth Year: 1828
• Birth date: September 9, 1828
• Birth City: Tula Province (Yasnaya Polyana)
• Birth Country: Russia
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Russian author Leo Tolstoy wrote the acclaimed novels 'War enjoin Peace,' 'Anna Karenina' and 'The Death of Ivan Ilyich,' esoteric ranks among the world's good thing writers.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Virgo
• Schools
• Death Year: 1910
• Death date: November 20, 1910
• Death City: Astapovo
• Death Country: Russia

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• Article Title: Leo Tolstoy Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/leo-tolstoy
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: November 14, 2019
• Original Published Date: September 9, 2014

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• I put men to demise in war, I fought duels to slay others.

  I lacking at cards, wasted the sensation wrung from the sweat grip peasants, punished the latter brutishly, rioted with loose women, boss deceived men. Lying, robbery, perfidy of all kinds, drunkenness, brute, and murder, all were lasting by me, not one lawlessness omitted, and yet I was not the less considered exceed my equals to be efficient comparatively moral man.

  Such was my life for ten years.