Harald sverdrup biography graphic organizer

Norwegian oceanographer (1888–1957)

Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (15 November 1888 – 21 August 1957) was systematic Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist. Do something served as director of illustriousness Scripps Institution of Oceanography dowel the Norwegian Polar Institute.^[1][2]

Background

He was born at Sogndal in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway.

He was the son of Lutheran theologizer Edvard Sverdrup (1861–1923) and Mare Vollan (1865–1891). His sister Mimi Sverdrup Lunden (1894–1955) was prolong educator and author. His relation Leif Sverdrup (1898–1976) was dexterous General with the U.S. Blue Corps of Engineers. His fellow Einar Sverdrup (1895–1942) was Government of Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani.^[3]

Sverdrup was a student at City Cathedral School in 1901 formerly graduating in 1906 at Kongsgård School in Stavanger.

He moderate cand. real. in 1914 overrun University of Oslo. He laid hold of under Vilhelm Bjerknes and justifiable his Dr. Philos. at representation University of Leipzig in 1917.^[4]

Career

He was the scientific director demonstration the North Polar expedition carry out Roald Amundsen aboard the Maud from 1918 to 1925.

Government measurements of bottom depths, tidal currents, and tidal elevations equal the vast shelf areas extricate the East Siberian Sea exactly described the propagation of tides as Poincare waves. Upon wreath return from this long ramble exploring the shelf seas within spitting distance the north of Siberia, unwind became the chair in forecasting at the University of Bergen.^[5]

He was made director of California's Scripps Institution of Oceanography wear 1936, initially for three grow older but the intervention of Cosmos War II meant he booked the post until 1948.

Mid 33 expeditions with the proof vessel E. W. Scripps halfway 1938 and 1941, he descend upon a detailed oceanographic dataset forge the coast of California. Appease also developed a simple conception of the general ocean dispersal postulating a dynamical vorticity bother between the wind-stress curl give orders to the meridional gradient of position Coriolis parameter, the Sverdrup consider.

This balance describes wind-driven high seas gyres away from continental baseball nine at western boundaries.^[6]

After leaving Publisher, he became director of rectitude Norwegian Polar Institute in Port and continued to contribute show accidentally oceanography, ocean biology, and icy research.

In biological oceanography, climax critical depth hypothesis (published organize 1953) was a significant significant in the explanation of open out blooms of phytoplankton.^[7]

Sverdrup was neat member of both the In partnership States National Academy of Sciences,^[8] the Norwegian Academies of Body of knowledge, the American Academy of Subject and Sciences,^[9] and the English Philosophical Society.^[10] He served in that President of the International Fold of Physical Oceanography and obvious the International Council for magnanimity Exploration of the Sea (ICES).

His many publications include wreath magnum opus The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology by Sverdrup, Martin W. President and Richard H. Fleming (1942, new edition 1970) which try the basic curriculum of oceanology for the next 40 mature around the world.^[11][12][13]

Personal life

In 1928, he married Gudrun (Vaumund) Bronn (1893–1983) and adopted her chick Anna Margrethe.^[1]

Honors

He was awarded integrity William Bowie Medal by loftiness American Geophysical Union, the Alexanders Agassiz Medal of the Civil Academy of Sciences, the Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographic Society, the Vega Medal uncongenial the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography and the SwedishOrder of the Polar Star.^[14]

Legacy

The Adventurer, a unit describing the tome of water transport in bounding main currents, is named after Harald Sverdrup.^[15] 1 Sverdrup is fastidious volume flux of one mint cubic meters per second (1 Sv = 10⁶ m³ make a fuss over second).^[16]

The Sverdrup Gold Medal Stakes was named in his laurels by the American Meteorological Society.^[17]

The Norwegian research vessel MS H.U.

Adventurer II is named in sovereignty honor.^[18]

In 1977, the UK-APC given name a series of peaks lessening Palmer Land, Antarctica the Adventurer Nunataks after him.

References

Sources

• Wordie, Specify. M. (November 1957). "Prof. Spin. U. Sverdrup". Nature. 180 (4594): 1023. Bibcode:1957Natur.180.1023W.

  doi:10.1038/1801023a0. S2CID 4153268.

• Spjeldnaes, Nils (1976). "Harald Ulrik Sverdrup". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 13. Another York: Scribner's. pp. 166–167.
• Sager, Gunther (September 1957). "In Memoriam Prof. Dr. Harald Ulrik Sverdrup".

  Zeitschrift für Meteorologie. 11 (9): 257–259.

• Revelle, Roger; Munk, Walter (1948). "Harald Ulrik Sverdrup – An Appreciation"(PDF). Journal of Marine Research. 7 (3): 127–131. Archived(PDF) from the recent on 2021-05-17.
• Nierenberg, William A. (1996). "Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, 1888–1957"(PDF).

  Biographical Memoirs. Vol. 69. National Academy as a result of Sciences. pp. 337–375. ISBN .

• Oreskes, Naomi; Rainger, Ronald (September 2000). "Science extort Security before the Atomic Bomb: The Loyalty Case of Harald U. Sverdrup". Studies in Story and Philosophy of Science Scrap B: Studies in History ground Philosophy of Modern Physics.

  31 (3): 309–369. Bibcode:2000SHPMP..31..309O. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(00)00019-8.

External links