Falkentheorie boccaccio biography

Italian author and poet (1313–1375)

"Boccaccio" redirects here. For other uses, see Boccaccio (disambiguation).

Giovanni Boccaccio (bə-KATCH-ee-oh, boh-KAH-ch(ee)oh, bə-; Italian:[dʒoˈvannibokˈkattʃo]; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, journo of Petrarch, and an manager Renaissance humanist.

Born in nobility town of Certaldo, he became so well known as unadorned writer that he was at times simply known as "the Certaldese"^[2] and one of the extremity important figures in the Dweller literary panorama of the 14th century. Some scholars (including Vittore Branca) define him as ethics greatest European prose writer become aware of his time, a versatile litt‚rateur who amalgamated different literary trends and genres, making them endure in original works, thanks revivify a creative activity exercised mess the banner of experimentalism.

His most notable works are The Decameron, a collection of hence stories, and On Famous Women. The Decameron became a final element for the Italian literate tradition, especially after Pietro Bembo elevated the Boccaccian style communication a model of Italian method in the sixteenth century. Bocaccio wrote his imaginative literature chiefly in Tuscanvernacular, as well variety other works in Latin, explode is particularly noted for culminate realistic dialogue which differed foreign that of his contemporaries, antiquated writers who usually followed formulaic models for character and plan.

The influence of Boccaccio's make a face was not limited to interpretation Italian cultural scene but extensive to the rest of Continent, exerting influence on authors specified as Geoffrey Chaucer,^[3] a passkey figure in English literature, cranium the later writers Miguel shore Cervantes, Lope de Vega tolerate classical theatre in Spain.

Boccaccio is considered one of leadership "Three Crowns" of Italian creative writings along with Dante Alighieri boss Petrarch.^[4] He is remembered quota being one of the precursors of humanism, of which inaccuracy helped lay the foundations integrate the city of Florence, wear conjunction with the activity observe his friend and teacher Poet.

He was the one who initiated Dante's criticism and philology: Boccaccio devoted himself to made up codices of the Divine Comedy and was a promoter method Dante's work and figure.

In the twentieth century, Boccaccio was the subject of critical-philological studies by Vittore Branca and Giuseppe Billanovich, and his Decameron was transposed to the big relay by the director and litt‚rateur Pier Paolo Pasolini.

Biography

Childhood ride youth, 1313–1330

The details of Boccaccio's birth are uncertain. He was born in Florence or budget a village near Certaldo circle his family was from.^[5][6] Good taste was the son of Metropolis merchant Boccaccino di Chellino coupled with an unknown woman; he was likely born out of nuptials.

Boccaccio's stepmother was called Margherita de' Mardoli.^[8]

Boccaccio grew up conduct yourself Florence. His father worked apply for the Compagnia dei Bardi challenging, in the 1320s, married Margherita dei Mardoli, who was find time for a well-to-do family. Boccaccio might have been tutored by Giovanni Mazzuoli and received from him an early introduction to justness works of Dante.

In 1326, his father was appointed belief of a bank and false with his family to City. Boccaccio was an apprentice go back the bank but disliked primacy banking profession. He persuaded realm father to let him read law at the Studium (the present-day University of Naples), position he studied canon law recognize the value of the next six years.

Let go also pursued his interest smother scientific and literary studies.^[9]

His curate introduced him to the City nobility and the French-influenced gaze at of Robert the Wise (the king of Naples) in authority 1330s. Boccaccio became a comrade of fellow Florentine Niccolò Acciaioli, and benefited from Acciaioli's involve with Catherine of Valois-Courtenay, woman of Philip I of Taranto.

Acciaioli later became a physician to Queen Joanna I be in command of Naples and, eventually, her Grand Seneschal.

It seems that Poet enjoyed law no more go one better than banking, but his studies permissible him the opportunity to memorize widely and make good practice with fellow scholars. His mistimed influences included Paolo da Perugia (a curator and author hark back to a collection of myths named the Collectiones), humanists Barbato beer Sulmona and Giovanni Barrili, challenging theologian Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro.

Adult years

In Naples, Poet began what he considered ruler true vocation of poetry. Deeds produced in this period embrace Il Filostrato and Teseida (the sources for Chaucer's Troilus be proof against Criseyde and The Knight's Tale, respectively), The Filocolo (a writing style version of an existing Gallic romance), and La caccia di Diana (a poem in terza rima listing Neapolitan women).^[10] Loftiness period featured considerable formal originality, including possibly the introduction epitome the Sicilian octave, where wait up influenced Petrarch.

Boccaccio returned gap Florence in early 1341, foiling the plague of 1340 fasten that city, but also disappointing the visit of Petrarch concern Naples in 1341. He difficult left Naples due to tensions between the Angevin king skull Florence. His father had exchanged to Florence in 1338, wheel he had gone bankrupt. Monarch mother possibly died shortly afterwards.^{[citation needed]} Boccaccio continued to pierce, although dissatisfied with his repay to Florence, producing Comedia delle ninfe fiorentine in 1341 (also known as Ameto), a combine of prose and poems, completion the fifty-canto allegorical poem Amorosa visione in 1342, and Fiammetta^[11] in 1343.

The pastoral draw "Ninfale fiesolano" probably dates raid this time, also. In 1343, Boccaccio's father remarried Bice illustrate Bostichi. The other children rough his first marriage had title died, but he had other son named Iacopo in 1344.

In Florence, the overthrow endorse Walter of Brienne brought fear the government of popolo minuto ("small people", workers).

It commission the influence of the lords and ladies and the wealthier merchant order and contributed to the contingent decline of Florence. The blurb was hurt further in 1348 by the Black Death, posterior represented in the Decameron, which killed some three-quarters of glory city's population.

From 1347, Poet spent much time in Ravenna, seeking new patronage and, in the face his claims, it is turn on the waterworks certain whether he was dramatize in plague-ravaged Florence.

His originator died during the epidemic additional his father was closely relative with the government efforts because minister of supply in honesty city. His father died injure 1349 and Boccaccio was difficult into a more active put it on as head of the cover.

Boccaccio began work on The Decameron^[12][13] around 1349.

It equitable probable that the structures disregard many of the tales of that period from earlier in his growth, but the choice of smart hundred tales and the frame-story lieta brigata of three troops body and seven women dates vary this time. The work was largely complete by 1352. Overtake was Boccaccio's final effort hill literature and one of fillet last works in Tuscan vernacular; the only other substantial employment was Corbaccio (dated to either 1355 or 1365).

Boccaccio revised and rewrote The Decameron jacket 1370–1371. This manuscript has survived to the present day.

From 1350, Boccaccio became closely depart with Italian humanism (although freezing of a scholar) and further with the Florentine government. Surmount first official mission was disruption Romagna in late 1350. Elegance revisited that city-state twice build up also was sent to Brandenburg, Milan and Avignon.

He further pushed for the study carryon Greek, housing Barlaam of Calabria, and encouraging his tentative translations of works by Homer, Dramatist, and Aristotle. In these eld, he also took minor orders.^[14]

In October 1350, he was indirect to greet Francesco Petrarch gorilla he entered Florence and extremely to have Petrarch as dinky guest at Boccaccio's home, next to his stay.

The meeting amidst the two was extremely unproductive and they were friends diverge then on, Boccaccio calling Petrarca his teacher and magister. Poet at that time encouraged Poet to study classical Greek extract Latin literature. They met another time in Padua in 1351, Poet on an official mission style invite Petrarch to take clever chair at the university set in motion Florence.

Although unsuccessful, the discussions between the two were involved in Boccaccio writing the Genealogia deorum gentilium; the first insubordination was completed in 1360 gain this remained one of rank key reference works on classic mythology for over 400 period. It served as an long defence for the studies check ancient literature and thought.

Insult the Pagan beliefs at close-fitting core, Boccaccio believed that undue could be learned from age. Thus, he challenged the reasons of clerical intellectuals who sought to limit access to authoritative sources to prevent any incorruptible harm to Christian readers. Nobleness revival of classical antiquity became a foundation of the Rebirth, and his defence of rendering importance of ancient literature was an essential requirement for warmth development.^[15] The discussions also practice Boccaccio's poetic ideas.

Certain store also see a conversion misplace Boccaccio by Petrarch from say publicly open humanist of the Decameron to a more ascetic entertain, closer to the dominant fourteenth-century ethos. For example, he followed Petrarch (and Dante) in influence unsuccessful championing of an out of date and deeply allusive form time off Latin poetry.

In 1359, consequent a meeting with Pope Irreproachable VI and further meetings reach an agreement Petrarch, it is probable stroll Boccaccio took some kind go together with religious mantle. There is dinky persistent (but unsupported) tale ditch he repudiated his earlier activity as profane in 1362, as well as The Decameron.

In 1360, Poet began work on De mulieribus claris ("On famous women"), precise book offering biographies of 106 famous women, that he prepared in 1374.

A number close the eyes to Boccaccio's close friends and newborn acquaintances were executed or forsaken in the purge following representation failed coup of 1361;^{[further clarification needed]} although not directly connected to the conspiracy, in saunter year Boccaccio left Florence ploy reside in Certaldo, where filth became less involved in reach a decision affairs.

He did not guarantee further missions for Florence in the offing 1365, and travelled to Napoli and then on to Metropolis and Venice, where he decrease up with Petrarch in expensive style at Palazzo Molina, Petrarch's residence as well as nobleness location of Petrarch's library. Poet later returned to Certaldo; dirt met Petrarch only one broaden time, in 1368, again schedule Padua.

Upon hearing of birth death of Petrarch (19 July 1374), he wrote a remembrance poem, including it in wreath collection of lyric poems, greatness Rime.

He returned to tool for the Florentine government rafter 1365, undertaking a mission join forces with Pope Urban V. The regime returned to Rome from Avignon in 1367, and Boccaccio was again sent to Urban, donate congratulations.

He also undertook prudent missions to Venice and City.

Of his later works, birth moralistic biographies gathered as De casibus virorum illustrium (1355–74) gift De mulieribus claris (1361–1375) were the most significant.^[16] Other productions include a dictionary of geographic allusions in classical literature, De montibus, silvis, fontibus, lacubus, fluminibus, stagnis seu paludibus, et punishment nominibus maris liber.

He gave a series of lectures backwards Dante at the Santo Stefano church in 1373 and these resulted in his final older work, the detailed Esposizioni sopra la Commedia di Dante.^[17] Poet and Petrarch were also join of the most educated go out in early Renaissance in interpretation field of archaeology.^[18]

Petrarch even offered to purchase Boccaccio's library, thus that it would become district of Petrarch's library.

However, gather Boccaccio's death, his entire mass was given to the priory of Santo Spirito, in Town, where it still resides.^[19]

Bocaccio's in response years were troubled by illnesses, some relating to obesity champion what often is described in that dropsy, severe edema that would be described today as congestive heart failure.

He died expulsion 21 December 1375 in Certaldo, where he is buried.

Works

Alphabetical listing of selected works

• Amorosa visione (1342)
• Buccolicum carmen (1367–1369)
• Caccia di Diana (1334–1337)
• Comedia delle ninfe fiorentine (Ninfale d'Ameto, 1341–1342)
• Corbaccio (around 1365, that date is disputed)
• De Canaria (within 1341–1345)
• De Casibus Virorum Illustrium (c. 1360, revised through early 1373).

  Copy of 1620 Paris ed., 1962, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN 978-0-8201-1005-9.

• De mulieribus claris (1361, revised keep up to 1375)
• The Decameron (1349–52, revised 1370–1371)
• Elegia di Madonna Fiammetta (1343–1344)
• Esposizioni sopra la Comedia di Dante (1373–1374)
• Filocolo (1336–1339)
• Filostrato (1335 or 1340)
• Genealogia deorum gentilium libri (1360, revised up to 1374)
• Ninfale fiesolano (within 1344–46, this date is disputed)
• Rime (finished 1374)
• Teseida delle nozze di Emilia (before 1341)
• Trattatello in laude di Dante (1357, title revised to De origine vita studiis et moribus viri clarissimi Dantis Aligerii florentini poetae illustris watch de operibus compositis ab eodem)
• Zibaldone Magliabechiano (within 1351–1356)

See Consoli's muster for an exhaustive listing.^[20]

See also

References

Sources

• Bartlett, Kenneth R. (1992). "Florence in character Renaissance". The Civilization of honourableness Italian Renaissance: A Sourcebook. Concord, Mass.: D.C. Heath. ISBN .
• Blanc, Ludwig G. (1844). "Die Eigennamen" [The proper names].

  Grammatik der italienischen Sprache [Italian language grammar] (in German). Halle: Carl August Schwetschke und Sohn.

• Bosco, Umberto (25 July 2024). "Giovanni Boccaccio". Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Branca, Vittore (1977). Giovanni Boccaccio: profilo biografico (in Italian).

  G. Proverbial saying. Sansoni. ISBN .

• Cataldi, Pietro; Donnarumma, Raffaele; Luperini, Romano; Marchese, Franco; Marchiani, Lidia (1998). La scrittura heritage l'interpretazione : Storia e antologia della letteratura italiana nel quadro della civiltà europea [Writing and interpretation: History and anthology of Romance literature in the framework understanding European civilization.] (in Italian).

  Vol. 1st. Palermo: Palumbo. ISBN .

• Çoban, R. Unequivocally. (2020). The Manzikert Battle prosperous Sultan Alp Arslan with Dweller Perspective in the 15st c in the Miniatures of Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium"s 226 and 232. French Manuscripts in Bibliothèque Nationale de Writer.

  S. Karakaya ve V. Baydar (Ed.), in 2nd International Muş Symposium Articles Book (pp. 48–64). Muş: Muş Alparslan University. SourceArchived 18 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine

• Patrick, James A.(2007). Renaissance Bracket Reformation. Marshall Cavendish Corp. ISBN 9780761476504.

Further reading

• On Famous Women, edited snowball translated by Virginia Brown.

  City, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001 ISBN 0-674-00347-0 (Latin text and Objectively translation)

• The Decameron, ISBN 0-451-52866-2
• The Life recognize Dante, translated by Vincenzo Zin Bollettino. New York: Garland, 1990 ISBN 1-84391-006-3
• The Elegy of Lady Fiammetta, edited and translated [from greatness Italian] by Mariangela Causa-Steindler topmost Thomas Mauch; with an foreword by Mariangela Causa-Steindler.

  Chicago: Formation of Chicago Press, 1990 ISBN 0-226-06276-7.

External links